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MURSTON
WAR MEMORIAL
World
War 1 & 2 - Roll of Honour with detailed information
Compiled and copyright © Martin Edwards 2020
The
memorial is to be found in Church Road, Murston, Swale, Kent and takes
the form of a Calovary Cross with dedicatory plaques. The memorial was
dedicated 14 August 1920. There are 35 names for World War 1 and 18
for World War 2. A further dedicatory plaque is to be found within All
Saints Church listed those who died in World Wa r 2; there are 18 names
listed.
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|
From
an old postcard |
 |
IN
MEMORY OF
THE BRAVE MEN
OF THIS PARISH
WHO DIED IN
THE GREAT WAR
1914-1919
| ANDREWS |
Sydney
John |
Private
G/20049, 7th Battalion, The Buffs (East Kent Regiment). Killed in
action 12 October 1917. Aged 23. Born Murston, Kent, resident and
enlisted Sittingbourne, Kent. Son of Alfred and Ann Andrews, of
76, Lower Murston, Sittingbourne, Kent. Buried in POELCAPELLE BRITISH
CEMETERY, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Plot XXXVII. Row B. Grave 1. |
| BASEDEN |
John
Thomas |
[Listed
as Private on memorial] Rifleman 6325, 1st/18th (County of London)
Battalion (London Irish Rifles), London Regiment formerly 2882,
4th Battalion, The Buffs (East Kent Regiment). Killed in action
4 October 1916. Born Halston, resident and enlisted Sittingbourne.
No known grave. Commemorated on THIEPVAL MEMORIAL, Somme, France.
Pier and Face 13 C. |
| BINGHAM |
Edward
Stephen |
Stoker
2nd Class K/37030/CH, H.M.S. Juno, Royal Navy. Died 9 September
1917. Aged 34. No known grave. Commemorated on KIRKEE 1914-1918
MEMORIAL, India. Face A. |
| BOWRA |
Herbert
Frederick |
Private
55123, 4th Battalion, Prince Of Wales's (North Staffordshire Regiment).
Killed in action 15 April 1918. Aged 19. Born Rainham, Kent, enlisted
Sittingbourne, Kent. Son of James and Adelaide Bowra, of 80, Tong
Rd., Murston, Kent. Buried in HEDAUVILLE COMMUNAL CEMETERY EXTENSION,
Somme, France. Row C. Grave 15. |
| BRENCHLEY |
George
Thomas |
Lance
Sergeant 14565, 1st Battalion, Grenadier Guards. Killed in action
24 August 1918. Aged 26. Born Muston, Kent, enlisted Sittingbourne.
Son of Thomas Brenchley, of Sittingbourne, Kent; husband of Kate
Mabel May Brenchley, of 99, Moseley St., Southend-on-Sea. Buried
in MORY ABBEY MILITARY CEMETERY, MORY, Pas de Calais, France. Plot
V. Row D. Grave 3. |
| CHAPELL |
Robert |
[Listed
as Lance Corporal on memorial] Private 707132, 29th Battalion, Canadian
Infantry. Died 5 November 1917. Aged 34. Son of Emma Chapell of
37, Tong Rd., Murston, Sittingbourne, and the late James Chapell.
No known grave. Commemorated on YPRES (MENIN GATE) MEMORIAL, West-Vlaanderen,
Belgium. Panel 18 - 28 - 30. |
| CHESSON |
William |
Private
T/2338, 5th Battalion, The Buffs (East Kent Regiment). Killed in
action 7 January 1916. Aged 19. Born Murston, Kent, resident Lower
Murston, Sittingbourne, Kent, enlisted Sittingbourne, Kent. Son
of William and Emily E. Chesson, of The Brickmaker's Arms, Murston,
Sittingbourne, Kent. Buried in AMARA WAR CEMETERY, Iraq. Plot XXXI.
Row B. Grave 11. |
| CROSS |
Arthur
[William] |
Sergeant
14562, 1st Battalion, Grenadier Guards. Killed in action 16 April
1915. Aged 25. Born and enlisted Sittingbourne, Kent. Son of Mr.
and Mrs. W. Cross, of 67, Murston Rd., Sittingbourne, Kent. Buried
in RUE-DU-BOIS MILITARY CEMETERY, FLEURBAIX, Pas de Calais, France.
Plot II. Row D. Grave 21. |
| CROSS |
John
Benjamin |
Company
Sergeant Major 10592, 12th Company, Canadian Machine Gun Corps.
Died of shrapnel wounds to legs 9 June 1917 at No. 23 casualty Clearing
Station, dangerously wounded 5 June 1917. Aged 24. Born 21 February
1893 in Sittingbourne, Kent. Son of Mrs. Sarah Cross, of 67, Murston
Rd., Sittingbourne, Kent. Brickmaker by tade. Resident Ontario,
Canada. Unmarried. Previously served as a Volunteer, 4th Battalion,
The Buffs. Attested 22 September 1914 at Valcartier, Quebec, Canada,
aged 21, height 5 feet 8½ inches, chest 37-40 inches, fair
complexion, grey eyes, brown hair, religious denomination Church
of England. Served in Canada 7 August to 25 September 1914, England
from 15 October 1914 to 7 February 1915, France from 8 February
1915 to 28 May 1915, England from 29 May 1915 to August 16 1916,
France from 16 August 1916. Buried in LAPUGNOY MILITARY CEMETERY,
Pas de Calais, France. Previously received wounds to right shoulder
24 May 1916 at Festubert, then accidentally wounded right side,
admitted to No. 90 Field Ambulance, then No. 9, Casualty Clearing
Station, 31 October 1916 on the Somme, rejoined unit 25 November
1916. Plot IV. Row C. Grave 15. National Archives of Canada Accession
Reference: Canadian
Expeditionary Force (CEF), RG 150, Accession 1992-93/166, Box 2166
- 44 |
| CULVER |
Thomas |
Private
G/9894, 1st Battalion, The Buffs (East Kent Regiment). Killed in
action 18 March 1917. Aged 26. Born Teynham, Kent, resident Murston,
Kent, enlisted Sittingbourne, Kent. Son of Thomas and Fanny Culver;
husband of Martha Culver, of 6, Home View, Murston, Sittingbourne,
Kent. Buried in MAROC BRITISH CEMETERY, GRENAY, Pas de Calais, France.
Plot I. Row N. Grave 43. |
| DIXON |
MacDonald |
Private
G/15821, 7th Battalion., The Buffs (East Kent Regiment). Killed
in action 3 May 1917. Aged 31. Born Lynsted, Kent, resident and
enlisted Sittingbourne, Kent. Son of William Roper Dixon, J.P.,
of Cambridge, Teynham, Sittingbourne, Kent; husband of Belinda Dixon.
No known grave. Commemorated on ARRAS MEMORIAL, Pas de Calais, France.
Bay 2. |
| FOSTER |
George
[Henry] |
Private
203944, 1st Battalion, The Buffs (East Kent Regiment). Died 16 December
1917. Aged 21. Son of Walter and Annie Foster, of Murston, Sittingbourne
Kent. Buried MONT HUON MILITARY CEMETERY, LE TREPORT, Seine-Maritime,
France. Plot V. Row C. Grave11B. |
| HAMILTON |
Frederick
Charles |
Able
Seaman 192278, H.M.S. Aboukir, Royal Navy. Lost in action in the
North Sea 22 September 1914. Reservist (RFR/CH/B/6099). Born 30
August 1879 in Lisburn, County Down. Resident 67, Church Street,
Harwich. No known grave. Commemorated on CHATHAM NAVAL MEMORIAL,
Kent. Panel 2.
***
This is thee only man that the details on the memorial fit but
it is unclear as to his connection with MURSTON ***
|
| HAMMOND |
George
Edmund Leonard |
Sergeant
9425, 4th Battalion, Worcestershire Regiment. Died 10 May 1915.
Aged 31. Son of Henry and Elizabeth Hammond, of 113, Tong Rd., Murston,
Sittingbourne, Kent. No known grave. Commemorated on HELLES MEMORIAL,
Turkey (including Gallipoli). Panel 104 to 113. |
| HOPKINS |
Albert |
Sergeant
201128, 4th (Reserve) Battalion, The Buffs (East Kent Regiment).
Died 7 January 1918. Aged 40. Son of Alfred Hopkins and Susannie
Hopkins (nee Carpenter); husband of Lillian Jessie Hopkins (nee
Cox), of 22, Lower Murston, Sittingbourne. Buried in SITTINGBOURNE
CEMETERY, Kent. Row O. Grave 38. |
| HOPKINS |
Leslie
Charles |
Acting
Bombardier 110241, "C" Battery, 232nd Brigade, Royal Field
Artillery. Killed in action 21 June 1917. Born Murston, Kent, enlisted
Sittingbourne, Kent. No known grave. Commemorated on YPRES (MENIN
GATE) MEMORIAL, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Panel 5 and 9. |
| JEMMETT |
Sidney
Ernest |
Private
T/201481, "C" Company, 1st/4th Battalion, The Buffs (East
Kent Regiment). Died on service in India 2 November 1918. Aged 24.
Born Hadleigh, Essex, resident Murston, Kent, enlisted Canterbury,
Kent. Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Jemmett, of Murston, Sittingbourne,
Kent. No known grave. Commemorated on KARACHI 1914-1918 WAR MEMORIAL,
Pakistan. |
| KNOTT |
William
John |
Private
T/3422, 1st/5th Battalion, The Buffs (East Kent Regiment). Died
on service with M.E.F. 29 August 1916. Born Wingham, Kent, resdent
Canterbury, Kent, enlisted Sittingbourne, Kent. Buried in AMARA
WAR CEMETERY, Iraq. Plot IX. Row J. Grave 30. |
| LOFTHOUSE |
John |
Corporal
200583, 1st/4th Battalion (Territorial Force), Loyal North Lancashire
Regiment. Killed in action 29 May 1917. Aged 27. Resident Sittingbourne,
Kent, enlisted Preston. Husband of Mrs. A. Lofthouse, of 15, Home
View, Murston, Sittingbourne, Kent. Buried in VLAMERTINGHE MILITARY
CEMETERY, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Plot VII. Row C. Grave 9. |
| MILLS |
Arthur
Sydney |
Private
64083, 32nd Battalion, Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment)
formerly 4604, The Buffs (East Kent Regiment). Killed in action
11 December 1917. Aged 29. Born Murston, resident and enlisted Sittingbourne.
Son of Alfred John and Ellen Mills, of 14, Home View, Murston, nr.
Sittingbourne, Kent. Buried in GIAVERA BRITISH CEMETERY, ARCADE,
Italy. Plot 5. Row C. Grave 5. |
| MUNGHAM |
Frederick
William |
[Memorial
states Driver] Gunner 53685, 29th Division Ammunition Column, Royal
Field Artillery. Died 23 October 1915. Aged 22. Son of Charles John
and Mary Jane Mungham, of 60, Lower Murston, Sittingbourne, Kent.
No known grave. Commemorated on MIKRA MEMORIAL, Greece. |
| NOAKES |
Alfred
Charles |
Private
27557, 59th Protection Company, Royal Defence Corps formerly 20012,
The Buffs (East Kent Regiment). Died in the United Kingdom 21 July
1917. Born Minster, Kent, resident and enlisted Sittingbourne. Buried
in SHALFORD CEMETERY, Surrey. Plot D. Row 2. Grave 325. |
| PILCHER |
William
Henry |
Private
15517, 1st Battalion, The Buffs (East Kent Regiment). Died of wounds
25 September 1916. Born Murston, Kent, resident Lower Murston, near
Sittingbourne, Kent, enlisted Sittingbourne, Kent. Son of Harry
and Elizabeth Pilcher, of 118, Lower Murston, Sittingbourne, Kent.
Buried in BOIS-GUILLAUME COMMUNAL CEMETERY, Seine-Maritime, France.
Plot I. Row E. Grave 14A. |
| PUDNEY |
Herbert
William James |
Sergeant
45773, 236th Company, Machine Gun Corps (Infantry) formerly 41645,
Royal Fusiliers. Killed in action 12 October 1917. Aged 33. Born
Murston, Kent, resident Chilham, enlisted Canterbury. Son of James
Hales Pudney and Edith Pudney; husband of Bessie Pudney, of Cromwell
Cottage, Chilham, Canterbury. No known grave. Commemorated on TYNE
COT MEMORIAL, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Panel 154 to 159. |
| RALPH |
George
Frederick |
Petty
Officer Stoker 300114, H.M.S. Lowestoft, Royal Navy. Died from sickness
at 9 Alfred Street, Chatham, 9 March 1918; invalided out 27 September
1916 with Tuberculosis of Lungs. Aged 34. Born 21 January 1883 in
Sittingbourne, Kent (his Naval record states the year could have
been 1884). Baprised 10 february 1884 in Murston, All Saints, Kent,
son of George and Elizabeth Charlotte Ralph, resident Murston. Husband
of Catherine Lilian (nee Coakes) Ralph, of Chatham, Kent; married
9 October 1910 in Luton, Christ Church, Bedfordshire (he is listed
as a Stoker R.N.). Enlisted 1 March 1902 for 12 years, re-enlisted
2 March 1914 to completion, height 5 feet 6 inches, dark brown hair,
blue eyes, fresh complexion, a Labourer before enlisting. In the
1911 census he was aged 28, married, born Sittingbourne, Stoker
1st Class, aboard H.M.S. Inflexible. Buried 14 March 1918 in CHATHAM
(MAIDSTONE ROAD) CEMETERY, Kent. Section HH. Grave 248. |
| READ |
Frederick
George |
Lance
Corporal G/20113, 6th Battalion, The Buffs (East Kent Regiment)
formerly G/10887, 3rd Battalion, Royal West Kent Regiment. Killed
in action 9 August 1917. Aged 21. Born Sittingbourne, Kent, resident
Merston (sic), Sittingbourne, Kent, enlisted Herne, Kent. Son of
Frederick and Margaret Read, of 17, Tonge Rd., Murston, Kent. No
known grave. Commemorated on ARRAS MEMORIAL, Pas de calais, France.
Bay 2. |
| SAWYER |
B |
Private,
London Regiment. probably
Hubert William SAWYER, Private 613115, 19th (County of London) Battalion
(St. Pancras), London Regiment formerly 4523, 4th Battalion, The
Buffs (East Kent Regiment). Died of wounds 9 December 1917. Born
Murston, Kent, resident Sittingbourne, enlisted Canterbury. Buried
in GREVILLERS BRITISH CEMETERY, Pas de Calais, France. Plot iX.
Row E. Grave 16. |
| SPARKES |
Charles |
Driver
915539, "D" Battery, 223rd Brigade, Royal Field Artillery.
Killed in action 17 July 1917. Aged 19. Born and enlisted Sittingbourne,
Kent. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Solomon Sparkes, of 39, Lower Murston,
Sittingbourne, Kent. Buried in ROCLINCOURT MILITARY CEMETERY, Pas
de Calais, France. Plot I. Row D. Grave 3. |
| SPARKES |
Frederick |
Private
G/17564, 2nd Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment. Killed in action
(more likely taken Prisoner and died as a P.O.W. due to location
of grave) 29 December 1916. Born Hampnel, Norfolk, enlisted Sittingbourne.
Buried in NIEDERZWEHREN CEMETERY, KASSEL, Hessen, Germany. Plot
V. Row K. Grave 1. |
| SPICE |
Albert
Edward |
Private
G/9161, 8th Battalion, The Buffs (East Kent Regiment). Killed in
action 1 September 1916. Aged 22. Born Murston, Kent, resident Lower
Murston, Sittingbourne, Kent, enlisted Sittingbourne, Kent. Son
of Albert E. and Mary Ann Spice, of 36, Lower Murston, Sittingbourne,
Kent. No known grave. Commemorated on THIEPVAL MEMORIAL, Somme,
France. Pier and Face 5 D. |
| STAPLEY |
Francis
Lucas |
[Listed
as Sapper on memorial] Pioneer 279613, 345th Road Construction Company,
Royal Engineers. Died of wounds in the United Kingdom 16 September
1917. Aged 32. Enlisted Sittingbourne, Kent. Husband of Nellie Maude
Stapley, of 76, Ber St., Norwich, Norfolk. Buried in SITTINGBOURNE
CEMETERY, Kent. Section Q. Grave 120. |
| STYLES |
Stanley
[James] |
[Listed
as Royal Fusiliers on memorial] Private 131458, Machine Gun Corps
(Infantry). Killed in action 18 April 1918. Born Upchurch, Kent,
enlisted Sittingbourne. Buried in MESSINES RIDGE BRITISH CEMETERY,
West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Plot III. Row D. Grave 42. |
| WARD |
Arthur
Bowsher |
Second
Lieutenant, 8th Battalion attached 1st Battalion, East Yorkshire
Regiment. Killed in action 15 August 1918. Aged 25. Born Rodmersham.
Baptised 3 January 1892 in Wigston Magna, Leicestershire, son of
Arthur and Josephine Mary Ward. Son of Arthur and Josephine Mary
Ward, of "Hovedene," Highsted, Sittingbourne, Kent. Prior
to enlisting he was a School Master, religious denomination Church
of England. Attested 23 September 1914 in Leicestershire Regiment,
aged 22 years 10 months, height 5 feet 8½ inches, weight 10 stone 6 lbs, chest 35-38½ inches, fair complexion, blue eyes, light brown hair. Promoted Corporal 27 January
1915, promoted Lance Sergeant 15 August 1915, appointed Acting Sergeant
19 November 1915, attached 6th cadet Battalion as Acting Sergeant
1 December 1916, discharged and appointed Temporary 2nd Lieutenant
in 8th Battalion, East Yorkshire regiment 27 March 1917. Buried
in ANCRE BRITISH CEMETERY, BEAUMONT-HAMEL, Somme, France. Plot VIII.
Row C. Grave 3. |
| WATTS |
Robert
William |
Private
L/7886, 1st Battalion, The Buffs (East Kent Regiment). Killed in
action 23 October 1914. Born and resident Maidstone, Kent, enlisted
Canterbury, Kent. Husband of K. Hart (formerly Watts), of Eyhorne
St., Hollingbourne, Maidstone. No known grave. Commemorated on PLOEGSTEERT
MEMORIAL, Hainaut, Belgium. Panel 2. |
| WOOLLEY |
Lorien
Orlando
|
Lance
Corporal 228806, 1st (City of London) Battalion (Royal Fusiliers),
London Regiment formerly 2562, Royal Engineers, Kent Mounted Rifles,
posted 11th Battalion, Royal Fusiliers. Killed in action 1 August
1918. Aged 22. Born Hastings, resident and enlisted Sittingbourne.
Son of Frank Allen Woolley and Annie Sarah Woolley, of 107, Chalkwell
Rd., Milton Regis, Sittingbourne. Kent. Buried in FRECHENCOURT COMMUNAL
CEMETERY, Somme, France. Row B. Grave 1. |
ALSO
TO
THE MEMORY OF
THOSE WHO
LOST THEIR LIVES
IN THE WAR OF
1939 - 1945
TO
THE GLORY OF GOD AND IN
MEMORY OF THE MEN OF MURSTON
WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN THE
WORLD WAR - 1939 - 1945
|
| AUSTIN |
William
Henry |
Able
Seaman C/SSX 27507, H.M.S. Avenger, Royal Navy. Died at sea 15 November
1942. Aged 21. Born 30 January 1921 in Sittingbourne, Kent. Son
of William Henry and Winifred Adela Austin, of Sittingbourne, Kent.
No known grave. Commemorated on CHATHAM NAVAL MEMORIAL, Kent. Panel
52, Column 3. |
| BAKER |
Leonard
Percy |
Corporal
5385987, 2nd Battalion, The King's Regiment (Liverpool). Died 16
July 1944. Son of Horace and Emma Baker; husband of Irene Phyllis
Baker, of Sittingbourne, Kent. Buried in AREZZO WAR CEMETERY, Italy.
Plot II. Row B. Grave 10. |
| BRUNTON |
Dennis
Howard |
Ordinary
Seaman C/JX 315421, H.M.S. Calpe, Royal Navy. Died 19 August 1942.
Aged 19. Son of Thomas and M. A. Brunton, of Sittingbourne, Kent.
Buried in HASLAR ROYAL NAVAL CEMETERY, Hampshire. Plot E. Row 61.
Grave 6. |
| BRUNTON |
Ronald
Lewis |
Sergeant
1444326, 12 Squadron, Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. Died 4
November 1943. Buried in REICHSWALD FOREST WAR CEMETERY, Nordrhein-Westfalen,
Germany. Plot 6. Row G. Grave 7. |
| CLARK |
Alfred
Charles [Stanley] |
Corporal
1189322, Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. Died 1 May 1944. Aged
28. Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. G. T. Clark, and stepson of Mrs. A. L.
Clark, of Sittingbourne; husband of G. B. E. Clark, of Lower Murston,
Sittingbourne. Buried in SITTINGBOURNE (MURSTON) BURIAL GROUND,
Kent. Row F. Grave 37. |
| DAWTON |
Sydney
John |
Lance
Sergeant 6283008, 14 Bomb Disposal Company, Royal Engineers. Died
3 August 1944. Aged 36. Son of Ooger and Betty Dawton; husband of
Madge Dawton, of Hyde Park, Leeds. Buriedin REDCAR CEMETERY, Yorkshire.
Plot R. Row 1. Grave 5. |
| DORMER |
Bernard
John |
Fireman,
London Fire Brigade. Civilian. Died at Wapping High Street. 10 May
1941. Aged 32. on of Mr. G. A. Dormer; husband of Ida Lily Dormer,
of 25 Homeview, Murston, Sittingbourne, Kent. Death record by STEPNEY,
METROPOLITAN BOROUGH, London. |
| GAMBELL |
Arthur
Edward |
Stoker
1st Class C/KX 528302, H.M.S. Boadicea, Royal Navy. Died 13 June
1944. Aged 17. Son of Albert Edward and Evelyn Alice Gambell, of
Murston, Kent. No known grave. Commemorated on CHATHAM NAVAL MEMORIAL,
Kent. Panel 77, Column 3. |
| HARDING |
Leslie
George |
Petty
Officer Stoker C/KX 96533, H.M.S. Kelvin, Royal Navy. Died 13 August
1945. Aged 25. Son of Frederick and Edith Wesley Harding, of Sittingbourne.
Buried in SITTINGBOURNE (MURSTON) BURIAL GROUND, Kent. Row B. Grave
122. |
| HARDING |
Ronald
Edward |
No
further information currently available |
| JARMAN |
John
Harry |
Able
Seman C/JX 153288, H.M.S. Kelly, Royal Navy. Died 23 May 1941. Aged
21. Son of Mabel Jessie Jarman, of Sittingbourne, Kent. No known
grave. Commemorated on CHATHAM NAVAL MEMORIAL, Kent. Panel 43, Column
1. |
| KITNEY |
Henry |
Private
4398123, 6th Battalion, Green Howards (Yorkshire Regiment). Died
28 May 1942. Aged 33. Son of George and Alice Kitney; husband of
Doreen Gladys May Kitney, of Sittingbourne, Kent. No known grave.
Commemorated on ALAMEIN MEMORIAL, Egypt. Column 60. |
| LACEY |
Charles
Jem [Jim on CWGC] |
Private
13036976, Pioneer Corps. Died 8 February 1944. Aged 30. Son of Mr.
and Mrs. E. Lacey, of Sittingbourne, Kent. Buried in ANZIO WAR CEMETERY,
Italy. Plot II. Row E. Grave 4. |
| MURTON |
Edward
George |
Private
6351776, 1st Battalion, Seaforth Highlanders. Died 19 April 1944.
Aged 31. Son of Thomas William and Fanny Murton; husband of Edna
Iris Murton, of Murston, Sittingbourne, Kent. No known grave. Commemorated
on RANGOON MEMORIAL, Myanmar (Burma). Face 17. |
| READ |
Harry
George [John Heaps] |
Sergeant
1335292, 49 Squadron, Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. Died
13 July 1943. Aged 21. Son of Harry James Read and Hilda May Read,
of Sittingbourne, Kent. No known grave. Commemorated on RUNNYMEDE
MEMORIAL, Surrey. Panel 162.
Note
the discrepancy in death dates between probate and CWGC record.
Extract
from England & Wales Government Probate Death Index 1944:
READ
Harry George John Heaps of 109 Tonge-road Murston Sittingbourne
Kent died 13 September 1943 on war service Administration
Llandudno 14 August to Hilda May Read (wife of
Harry James Read). Effects £132 1s. 2d.
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Last
updated
5 December, 2020
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